What Are Ingrown Toenails?

Understanding the Underlying Condition

An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail grows into the adjacent skin, causing irritation and inflammation. This abnormal growth can result in significant tenderness, making everyday activities like walking or wearing shoes difficult. Ingrown toenails typically worsen without intervention and may lead to more severe issues, including infections or abscesses.

Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent complications and alleviate discomfort. At Gotham Footcare, we provide tailored care plans to address the severity of the condition while focusing on prevention and patient education.

Causes of Ingrown Toenails: Why Do My Toenails Hurt?

Pinpointing the Culprits

Improper Nail Trimming

One of the most common causes of ingrown toenails is incorrect nail trimming. Cutting toenails too short or rounding the edges can encourage the nail to grow into the surrounding skin, leading to irritation and pain.

Tight or Ill-Fitting Shoes

Shoes that pinch or place undue pressure on the toes can force nails to grow abnormally. High heels, narrow-toed footwear, and tight-fitting athletic shoes are frequent culprits.

Trauma to the Toenail

Repetitive injuries, such as stubbing your toe, dropping a heavy object on your foot, or engaging in activities like soccer or running, can damage the nail and its surrounding skin, increasing the risk of an ingrown toenail.

Genetics

Some individuals have a natural predisposition to ingrown toenails due to inherited traits, such as curved or thickened nails and narrow nail beds.

Poor Foot Hygiene

Damp or unsanitary conditions can soften the nails and surrounding skin, making it easier for the nail to penetrate the skin and exacerbate irritation.

Medical Conditions

Underlying health issues like diabetes, fungal infections, or poor circulation can impair the nails’ structural integrity and predispose individuals to ingrown toenails.

Frequent Activities with Toe Stress

Activities such as ballet, football, or running place repeated pressure on the toes, increasing the likelihood of developing ingrown toenails over time.

Symptoms of Ingrown Toenails: How to Recognize the Signs

Pain and Tenderness

The first and most common symptom of an ingrown toenail is localized pain or tenderness along the affected nail’s edge. Pressure from walking, standing, or wearing shoes can intensify the discomfort.

Swelling and Redness

As the nail pierces the skin, inflammation occurs. The area around the nail becomes red, swollen, and tender to the touch.

Infection

If left untreated, ingrown toenails can lead to infections. Signs include warmth, pus, increased redness, and swelling. In severe cases, an abscess may develop, requiring immediate medical attention.

Difficulty Walking

Severe ingrown toenails can make walking, standing, or wearing shoes particularly painful, limiting mobility and daily activities.

Skin Hardening or Overgrowth

In chronic cases, the skin around the ingrown toenail may harden or thicken as the body attempts to protect the area.

Diagnosing Ingrown Toenails

How Gotham Footcare Provides Comprehensive Care

Physical Examination: At Gotham Footcare, our podiatrists begin by thoroughly examining the affected toe. We assess the severity of the ingrown toenail and check for signs of infection or secondary complications.
Patient History: Understanding contributing factors such as footwear choices, nail care habits, and underlying health conditions allows us to tailor treatment to each patient’s unique needs.
Imaging Tests: In severe or recurring cases, X-rays may be performed to detect structural abnormalities in the toe or signs of infection that have spread to the underlying bone.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options for Ingrown Toenails

Effective Relief Without Surgery

Proper Nail Care and Hygiene

For mild cases, soaking the foot in warm, soapy water two to three times daily can help reduce swelling and soften the nail. This approach is particularly effective when combined with keeping the feet clean and dry.

Topical Antibiotics

When infection is present, topical antibiotics are prescribed to reduce inflammation and control bacterial growth.

Epsom Salt Soaks

Adding Epsom salts to warm water enhances the soaking process, helping to draw out excess fluid and alleviate discomfort.

Orthotic Devices

Custom orthotics can reduce pressure on the toes by improving foot mechanics, particularly for patients with structural abnormalities that predispose them to ingrown toenails.

Taping or Splinting

In some cases, a splint or adhesive tape is applied to gently lift the nail edge away from the skin, allowing it to grow normally and relieving pressure on the affected area.

Advanced Treatment Options for Ingrown Toenails

Exploring Minimally Invasive Techniques

Chemical Nail Avulsion
For recurrent or severe ingrown toenails, partial removal of the affected nail using chemical agents such as phenol may be recommended. This procedure permanently prevents regrowth in the treated area and is performed in-office under local anesthesia.

Surgical Treatments for Chronic or Severe Ingrown Toenails

Addressing Complex Cases

Partial Nail Removal (Partial Nail Avulsion)
When non-surgical options fail, partial nail removal may be performed. This involves excising the ingrown portion of the nail and treating the underlying nail bed to prevent recurrence.

Total Nail Removal
For severe or chronic cases that do not respond to other treatments, complete nail removal may be necessary. While this is a last-resort option, it effectively eliminates the source of recurring discomfort and infection.

Recovery After Surgery
Post-operative recovery typically lasts a few days to a few weeks, depending on the extent of the procedure. Patients are advised to keep the surgical site clean, avoid tight shoes, and follow their podiatrist’s recommendations for optimal healing.

Preventing Ingrown Toenails: Practical Tips for Long-Term Foot Health

Trim Nails Correctly

Always cut toenails straight across and avoid rounding the edges. Trimming nails too short should also be avoided to prevent them from growing into the skin.

Choose Appropriate Footwear

Wear shoes that provide adequate room for the toes and avoid high heels or narrow-toed styles. Footwear should offer sufficient cushioning and support for daily activities.

Maintain Good Foot Hygiene

Wash feet daily and dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes. Moisturize the skin to keep it soft and healthy, but avoid applying lotion directly under the nails.

Protect Your Feet During Activities

Use protective footwear during sports or activities that pose a risk of toe injury. For example, steel-toe boots can be worn during heavy lifting or construction work.

Regular Foot Checks

Inspect your feet regularly for signs of ingrown toenails, especially if you have diabetes or other conditions that increase your risk. Early detection allows for prompt treatment and prevention of complications.

Your First Step to Getting Better

At Gotham Footcare in NYC, we strive at recognizing your individual needs and desired outcomes while formulating an effective and personalized treatment plan with the highest quality care available.

What sets Gotham Footcare apart from other podiatry offices is our dedication to providing you with the education you need to make well-informed decisions regarding your care. Regardless of what your foot and ankle trouble may be, at Gotham Footcare our team will work tirelessly to help you feel better. At Gotham Footcare, we help you put your best foot forward.

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INGROWN TOENAILS